Whilst playing with the MNIST dataset I found I needed a way of rotating images and so I decided to build an Affine Transform Transformer for Apache Spark ML. I have implemented the basic Affine Transformation operations: rotate, scaleX, scaleY, shearX, shearY, translateX, translateY. Any pixel which exceeds the image dimensions will be discarded.I am sure the code could be improved but this is a good starting point.
To use this transformer I assume your data is Dense or Sparse Vector form where each pixel value is indexed. To perform the operations you need to provide the dimensions of the image with Width and Height, define the Operation and the Factor.
e.g. to rotate a 28x28 pixel image by 12.5°:
val affineTransform = { new AffineTransform()
.setInputCol(assembler.getOutputCol)
.setWidth(28)
.setHeight(28)
.setOperation("rotate")
.setFactor(12.5)
}If you are translating image pixels by a fixed amount then the Factor will be the number of pixels.
val affineTransform = { new AffineTransform()
.setInputCol(assembler.getOutputCol)
.setWidth(28)
.setHeight(28)
.setOperation("translateX")
.setFactor(2)
}This implementation performs rotations by performing three shear operations which should prevent interpolation issues and follows a more functional programming approach.
Here is the full code:
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* The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
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* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
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package org.apache.spark.ml.feature
import scala.collection.mutable.ArrayBuilder
import org.apache.spark.annotation.{Since, Experimental}
import org.apache.spark.ml.Transformer
import org.apache.spark.ml.attribute.BinaryAttribute
import org.apache.spark.ml.param._
import org.apache.spark.ml.param.shared.{HasInputCol, HasOutputCol}
import org.apache.spark.ml.util._
import org.apache.spark.sql._
import org.apache.spark.sql.functions._
import org.apache.spark.sql.types._
import org.apache.spark.mllib.linalg._
/**
* :: Experimental ::
* Affine Transform a column of image features.
*/
@Experimental
final class AffineTransform(override val uid: String)
extends Transformer with HasInputCol with HasOutputCol with DefaultParamsWritable {
def this() = this(Identifiable.randomUID("affineTransform"))
/**
* Param for the factor to pass to the manipulation function
* Default: 1.0
* @group param
*/
val factor: DoubleParam =
new DoubleParam(this, "factor", "factor to pass to the manipulation function")
/** @group getParam */
def getFactor: Double = $(factor)
/** @group setParam */
def setFactor(value: Double): this.type = set(factor, value)
/**
* Param for the size of the width dimension in pixels
* @group param
*/
val width: IntParam =
new IntParam(this, "width", "image width in pixels")
/** @group getParam */
def getWidth: Int = $(width)
/** @group setParam */
def setWidth(value: Int): this.type = set(width, value)
/**
* Param for the size of the height dimension in pixels
* @group param
*/
val height: IntParam =
new IntParam(this, "height", "image height in pixels")
/** @group getParam */
def getHeight: Int = $(height)
/** @group setParam */
def setHeight(value: Int): this.type = set(height, value)
/**
* Param for the transformation operation to perform
* @group param
*/
val operation: Param[String] = {
val allowedParams = ParamValidators.inArray(Array("rotate", "scaleX", "scaleY", "shearX", "shearY", "translateX", "translateY"))
new Param(
this, "operation", "the transformation to perform (rotate|scaleX|scaleY|shearX|shearY|translateX|translateY)", allowedParams)
}
/** @group getParam */
def getOperation: String = $(operation)
/** @group setParam */
def setOperation(value: String): this.type = set(operation, value)
/** @group setParam */
def setInputCol(value: String): this.type = set(inputCol, value)
/** @group setParam */
def setOutputCol(value: String): this.type = set(outputCol, value)
class Point(index: Int) extends Serializable {
var x: Int = index % $(width)
var y: Int = index / $(width) + 1
def getIndex(): Int = x + (y - 1) * $(width)
def affineTransform(scaleX: Double, shearX: Double, translateX: Double, scaleY: Double, shearY: Double, translateY: Double) {
x = Math.round(scaleX * x.toDouble + shearX * y.toDouble + translateX).toInt
y = Math.round(scaleY * y.toDouble + shearY * x.toDouble + translateY).toInt
}
override def toString(): String = "(" + x + ", " + y + ")"
}
override def transform(dataset: DataFrame): DataFrame = {
val outputSchema = transformSchema(dataset.schema)
val schema = dataset.schema
val inputType = schema($(inputCol)).dataType
val t = udf { data: Vector =>
val indices = ArrayBuilder.make[Int]
val values = ArrayBuilder.make[Double]
data.foreachActive { (index, value) =>
val input: Point = new Point(index)
val output: Point = $(operation) match {
case "rotate" =>
val radians: Double = Math.toRadians($(factor))
val alpha: Double = -Math.tan(radians/2)
val beta: Double = Math.sin(radians)
// offsets for rotation around center
val w: Double = $(width)/2
val h: Double = $(height)/2
// move pixels to allow rotation around center
input.affineTransform(1,0,-w,1,0,-h)
// perform three shear rotations to prevent of interpolation issues
input.affineTransform(1,alpha,0,1,0,0)
input.affineTransform(1,0,0,1,beta,0)
input.affineTransform(1,alpha,0,1,0,0)
// reset rotated pixels back to original position
input.affineTransform(1,0,w,1,0,h)
input
case "scaleX" =>
input.affineTransform($(factor),0,0,1,0,0)
input
case "scaleY" =>
input.affineTransform(1,0,0,$(factor),0,0)
input
case "shearX" =>
input.affineTransform(1,$(factor),0,1,0,0)
input
case "shearY" =>
input.affineTransform(1,0,0,1,$(factor),0)
input
case "translateX" =>
input.affineTransform(1,0,$(factor),1,0,0)
input
case "translateY" =>
input.affineTransform(1,0,0,1,0,$(factor))
input
}
// drop any information outside image boundaries
if (output.x >= 0 && output.x < $(width) && output.y > 0 && output.y <= $(height)) {
indices += output.getIndex()
values += value
}
}
Vectors.sparse(data.size, indices.result(), values.result()).compressed
}
val metadata = outputSchema($(outputCol)).metadata
dataset.select(col("*"),t(col($(inputCol))).as($(outputCol), metadata))
}
override def transformSchema(schema: StructType): StructType = {
validateParams()
SchemaUtils.checkColumnType(schema, $(inputCol), new VectorUDT)
val outputColName = $(outputCol)
if (schema.fieldNames.contains(outputColName)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(s"Output column $outputColName already exists.")
}
var outCol = new StructField(outputColName, new VectorUDT, true)
StructType(schema.fields :+ outCol)
}
override def copy(extra: ParamMap): AffineTransform = defaultCopy(extra)
}
@Since("1.6.0")
object AffineTransform extends DefaultParamsReadable[AffineTransform] {
@Since("1.6.0")
override def load(path: String): AffineTransform = super.load(path)
}